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The Dome of the Rock in East Jerusalem, is the
central focus on the rocky platform known to Muslims as Haram as-Sharif, the
noble sanctuary. The building is not a mosque, but a shrine built over the
site of the miraculous mi`raj `night journey` allegedly made by the Prophet
Muhammad on his death, in AD 632. The Qur`an records that He was carried
there from Mecca on a celestial steed from where He ascended into Heaven in
the presence of God. When the Angel Gabriel attempted to hold the Prophet
back, he left his footprint embedded in the rock before ascending into the
night sky. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ordered the construction of the
Dome of the Rock as a shrine for visiting pilgrims. On its completion in AD
691, he employed fifty-two cleaners to wash the rock with extracts of musk,
ambergris and rosewater with 5000 lamps burning oil of jasmine, to further
perfume the sacred site. Octagonal in shape, the building is capped by a
great cupola, originally gold, now aluminium covered with gold leaf. The
gleaming tiles adorning the exterior are copies of originals added by
Suleiman the Magnificent in 1545. Tilework on the drum bears a description
of the `Night Journey` while a 240-metre long inscription of Qur`anic
verses, glorifying God, extends around the interior. Steps under the rock
descend to a cave where Muslims believe the souls of the dead linger before
their departure. The grotto, known as the `Well of Souls,` contains a tiny
marble mihrab indicating the direction of Mecca. Ancient belief claims the
dead meet here to pray twice a month.
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